The ODBC specification defines the API for connecting to a database. The ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is client side interfaces used to communicate to a database on the same or different server. Basically, this software is the glue between an application, web server, or application server and the database. This software was first released in Sept 1992 by the SQL Access Group and is currently at version 3.x.

• 1.0 (1993) first version of ODBC
• 2.0 (1994) change to API core and new data types
• 3.0 (1995) new APIs and descriptor handles
• 3.5 (1997) UNICODE introduction

The current Oracle ODBC driver conforms to the ODBC 3.51 specifications. It supports all core APIs and a subset of Level 1 and Level 2 functions. Microsoft supplies the Driver Manager components for the Windows Platform. For Linux, the recommended Driver Manager is unixODBC found at http://www.unixodbc.org. Theh ODBC is part of the Oracle Instant Client installation and can be found at http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/oci/instantclient/ .

The ODBC interface consists of

• ODBC Driver Manager
• ODBC Driver
• ODBC libraries

The ODBC Driver Manager can be configured with

• odbcinst.ini - list of ODBC drivers
• odbc.ini and .odbc.ini - list of data sources
• format of a data source is as follows

[ODBC_datasource_name]
Driver = driver_name
Description = description_of_data_source
attribute1 = value
.
.
attributex = value

• some example of the attributes are

ServerPort = myhost:1521
TargetDSN = address of database
LogonUser = username
LoginAuth = password
UID = dbuser

• a sample odbc.ini configuration would look like

[myDatabase]
Driver = OOB
ServerPort = mydatabase.oracle.com:1521
TargetDSN = mydatabase
LoginUser = userID
LoginAuth = password

A sample connection in PHP would look like

my $CONNECT = "DRIVER={OOB};ServerPort=mydatabase.oracle.com:1521" . "TargetDSN=mydatabase;LoginUser=userID;LoginAuth=password;"; my $db->connect("dbi:ODBC:$CONNECT", "dbuser", "dbpassword"); if (!$db) { print "$DBI::error\n$DBI::errstr\n$DBI::state"; } else { print "Successful connection"; }

A sample connection in C for the same ODBC driver would look like

#include <stdio.h> #include <sql.h> #include <sqlext.h> main() { SQLHENV env; SQLHDBC dbc; SQLSTMT stmt; SQLRETURN ret; SQLCHAR out_str[1024]; int len_out_str; /* allocate handle */ SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &env); /* connect ODBC 3.x */ SQLSetEnvAttr(env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (void *) SQL_OV-ODBC3, 0); /* allocate active handle */ SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, env, &dbc); /* connect to database */ ret = SQLDriverConnect(dbc, NULL, "DSN=mydatabase", SQL_HTS, outstr, sizeof(outstr), &len_out_str), SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE); if (SQL_SUCCEEDED(ret)) { printf(" good connection\n"); } else { printf(" connection failed\n"); }